The Role of Sales Budget in the Production free essay sample

The sales budget is a conservative estimate on the estimated size of the sales, mainly used for the purchase, production and cash flow decisions. Clearly, the marketing budget should not only consider sales forecasts, but also to avoid excessive risk, general sales budget should be slightly lower than the corporate predictive value. Sales budget is usually the starting point of production and operation of comprehensive budget preparation, production, material procurement, inventory costs and other aspects of the budget should be based on the sales budget. The marketing budget costs and sales goals linked. The sales budget is a financial plan, which includes the cost of the marketing budget marketing plan objectives, in order to ensure the realization of the profits of the companys sales. The sales budget is only after the completion of the sales forecast, sales target is broken down into multiple levels of sub-goals. Once these sub-goals are determined, the corresponding cost of sales has also been finalized. We will write a custom essay sample on The Role of Sales Budget in the Production or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Sales budget was based on sales forecast, and which based primarily on the analysis of historical sales of various products, combined with information on a variety of products in the market forecast development prospects, first by product, region, customer and other items to be prepared, and then make merged and summarized. Determine future projected sales and the sales price based on sales forecasts, calculate the expected revenue: Projected sales revenue= the expected sales? xpected sales unit price. According to the companys financial sector statistics for the last few days, in January, fly ash dryer, drum dryer, flotation cells and other equipment accounted for more than 60% of sales in terms of sales. Therefore, we can say these devices are currently in great demand in the market. Among them standard and short head type are popular. Their main differences between are the section shape of crush chamber and parallel band length. The movable cone of standard type inclines steep, the parallel band is short; the short head type inclines gentle, the parallel band is long, the features movable cone of middle type are between the two types.

Plastics Essays - Plastics, Thermoplastics, Dielectrics, Free Essays

Plastics Essays - Plastics, Thermoplastics, Dielectrics, Free Essays Plastics The Recycling of Thermoset Materials into Thermoplastic Composites Abstract Thermoset process scrap costs companies millions of dollars annually. Specific thermoplastics could benefit from the addition of recycled thermoset material. The incorporation of thermoset regrind into thermoplastic material would provide a viable alternative for the thermoset scrap that is currently sent to the landfills. Theory and Background When a thermoset part has been cross-linked, that material either has to be used in the application it was intended for, or thrown out. In process scrap, generally shear sand/saw grindings and other waste, is shipped to the landfill for disposal. The lack of recycling in the thermoset industry results in higher final prices for the consumer. Developing a practical method to recycle thermoset materials would create a commercially feasible composite material. The addition of the regrind would reduce the requirement for expensive virgin material, decreasing the composite materials price. This would provide the thermoset and thermoplastic industries with substantial savings. Thermoset regrind, from Haysite Re-Inforced plastics, polypropylene co-polymer from ExxonMobil, and Silane Q1-6106 from Dow Corning were used to create the new composite. At Haysite, the regrind is a by-product of the sanding of large laminate sheets of fiberglass-reinforced polyester. Each sheet is sanded to final size, with the waste dust being sent to the landfill. The dust used in this study was taken from Haysite's EMD product line. This regrind consists of approximately 30% glass fibers, 31.5% calcium carbonate filler, 20% polyester resins, and the final 18.5% of the mixture is comprised of organic catalysts, pigments, and trace amounts of highly concentrated chemicals. The silane acts as a coupling agent between the polypropylene and the regrind on a molecular level. The silicon and oxygen molecules, present in the silane, form strong ionic bonds between the glass particles in the regrind. This part of the silane-coupling agent also forms secondary force bonds with the chains of the propylene polymer. Van der wal forces may create bond strength between the glass fibers and the polypropylene as well. The polyester resin portion of the reground material also utilizes van der wal forces. These forces weakly bond the resin molecules to the virgin propylene. The resin and glass fiber portion of the regrind is best if bonded to the polypropylene directly. The silane does not provide any bonding forces between the calcium carbonate and propylene molecules. Calcium carbonate is also hygroscopic which may necessitate material drying if properties are affected by the water absorption. Dow Corning's Silane Q1-6106 is a high viscosity liquid, and compares best to a waxy gel. The addition of the silane provide significant wetting between the materials, which causes clumping. Multiple, less expensive materials can reproduce the wetting characteristic of the silane, however, the molecular bonding benefits are not duplicable with these other materials. Experimental Mixing Originally, it was proposed that the material be compounded through extrusion and palletizing with subsequent injection molding. A regrind level of 20% and 30% was selected to ensure the financial benefits would outweigh the costs associated with silane and the compounding of the composite material. Also, a less expensive alternative was desirable as the costs of the overall process would rise and detract from the cost savings provided by the use of the thermoset regrind. When it became evident that the material could be directly injection molded, this alternative was selected over the extrusion operation. Overall, the procedure followed was clean, efficient, and could be used to produce large quantities of the composite material in a short period of time. Mixing was preformed to the following guidelines. A five-gallon bucket was lined with two garbage bags, and filled with 4.35 kilograms of the virgin polypropylene. Next, the resin was wetted with 0.17 kilograms of silane. The mixture was then tumbled to avoid clumping in a specific area and to prevent poor distribution of the silane. The second wetting also consisted of the 0.17 kg of silane and a second tumbling. The regrind was then integrated into this mixture by splitting the amount in half, and adding the regrind in two batches of 0.99 kg each. After each addition of regrind the material was tumbled. To produce the 20% loaded parts, half of the 30% regrind loaded parts were reground into normal pellet size and mixed with

Choosing an existing company, write a BUSINESS REPORT which recommends Essay

Choosing an existing company, write a BUSINESS REPORT which recommends a marketing strategy and tactics for a new product or bra - Essay Example The demographic profile chosen for the products of Soul Mate are boys and girls both aged between two to eighteen. The name itself presents the affection towards the kids. The company is in the market for the last four years. The primary markets are USA and Canada. The lion part of the revenue comes from the US market. The company is one of the most innovative toy making companies in the market. The sell their products through exclusive Soul Mate stores across The USA and also through some selected retail outlets in US and Canada. The company is relatively new in the segment. However, it is privileged with the 15 percent market share in US toy market. The main successful formula of the Soul Mate is the best quality products with best service in the industry. Soul Mate is having a successful journey for the last four years in USA and now it is planning to show its supremacy in the international lucrative markets like India and Brazil. Vision of the Soul Mate: The Vision of the company is to be one of the ethically acclaimed leading innovative toy manufacturing companies in the world. Mission of the Soul Mate: The mission of the Soul Mate is to provide high quality products and services to the prospective customers to gain the trust and distribute the knowledge and happiness among the kids. Soul Mate wants to become the soul mate of the kids for ever so kids can cherish their beautiful childhoods. SWOT analysis: Strength: Soul Mate is full of ambition and lust to achieve. The company is having a name which connects to the heart of the kids. The company is there in the market for more than 4 years. It is having its own retail outlets where they sell their products exclusively. The company is equipped with well trained research team who are monitoring the new trend in the market. And the main strength is the trust it has built among the kids and the real buyers that is the parents. They have the old toy replacement policy with the exchange with new one which works as a big strength of the company. Weakness: Weakness is a factor which is most of the time invisible but it is visible after something goes wrong. However, the main weakness is the product range. It is having a product range which is not too long. The product range is consisting of spy gadgets, board games, dolls and scale models and video games. They don’t focus on the cars and remote controlled toys. Opportunity: Toy market is not saturated and few big names are there in the industry, so the opportunity is there to be grabbed. Soul Mate has a promising future plan to focus on the unexplored lucrative markets like India and Brazil where people are having high spending habits but they don’t get quality products. Opportunities are waving hands toward the Soul Mate, it just has to react over it. Threat: The product life cycle of a toy is not too long. And with the passing of time the formation and psychology about the toys are changing very fast. Extinction is one of the main threats. The company needs to be innovative to survive among the highly competitive business world. However, the interactive website is a big problem solver for the Soul Mate Where Kids can Play Demo Games and may be some free online games which would be licensed under Soul Mate. Product line and the depth and breadth of the line: The product line of the Soul Mate is not too long.

Environmental Studies Lecture Notes Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Environmental Studies Lecture Notes - Case Study Example Next he went over the homework assignments and the reading assignments. As we finally got started with the class itself, he started a discussion what renewable sources of energy are. Essentially it's an energy source that renews itself without effort; they can be used over and over again. These kinds of sources can include solar, wind, biomass, hydrogen, geothermal energy, hydroelectric energy, and ocean energy. This class is focused more on production more than previous classes in the program because it's more cost-effective to conserve energy before you try to produce it. Each of these sources of energy have some positive and potentially negative elements that might come into play. Some of the first vocabulary he went over was solar constant, which is the amount of energy that goes by the earth. Insolation talks about how much solar radiation hits the ground and there are three different kinds - direct, diffuse, and reflected. One sun is another term that will come up often and ref ers to the amount of sun an area gets in a day. Azimuth and altitude angle. Altitude is the height of the sun in the sky. Azimuth angle is the angle from the south. This has an effect on where and what orientation we build solar panels to achieve maximum power source. The optimum is to go south, west is better than east, and consider areas of shade. The angle of the solar panels should be equal to the latitude, but can be adjusted in consideration of the uses of the project (summer, winter, other environmental conditions like fog). Although some utilities will pay you for excess power you produce, but they aren't obligated to do so by law. Basics of PV cells is that it is a semi-conductor electron pump that creates about .5 volts of DC power per cell, a number of cells are collected to create a module and a collection of modules is an array. Types of PVs are stand alones (sometimes with batteries) or Grid intertie (tied into the grid and the meter goes backwards), and they're made o f crystalline silicon (multicrystalline is the most popular right now), thin film, and concentrators or tracking devices to add greater efficiency. Building integrated PV means a low efficiency PV system that works with the building to provide additional comfort and collect power at the same time. After going over a normal set-up and some examples, we discussed the need for battery backup systems - 3-5 days of backup is typical and should provide power for the essential systems such as refrigerator, etc. There's a lot of estimating about installing a system - you have to estimate the load and the production, the available sunlight, and the reliability of the system. Have to know the difference between kW (unit of power) and kWh (energy). Factors that affect output include temperature, dirt, wiring losses, and AC to DC conversion. Then we discussed how to calculate energy. We ended the lecture with an introduction to solar thermal - heating hot water, space heating, or pool heating - and replaces the need for natural gas. Again, conservation takes precedence over efficiency. Systems are better than they used to be in the 70s. Types of thermal systems are batch heaters (collection and storage are together) and flat plate collectors (collection and

A7-Chpt 9 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

A7-Chpt 9 - Assignment Example 1-8). For example, Facebook and other social media sites allow users to design their own page. Wikipedia, on the other hand, allows users from all over the world to make changes to the pages where they perceive necessary. There are limitless applications of Web 2.0 to business organizations. For example, the interactive feature of the websites allows businesses to obtain feedback from their clients and thus tailor their products to suit the specific needs of their customers (Chui et al. 1-8). For example, most business websites and blogs allow the readers to leave comments, a feature that was only enabled by Web 2.0. In addition, Web 2.0 is a platform that can be used by business employees to share information among themselves (Chui et al. 1-8). This is a very important feature of business because it lowers the costs of communication and allows workers to have interactive forums where they can all participate in sharing and distribution of information. Web 2.0 also has applications in marketing. For example, all social networking sites use Web 2.0. Businesses use these sites to connect to customers and advertise new products. In fact, social networking sites are merging as the best advertising platforms (Chui et al. 1-8). They increase the application of Web 2.0 to

PESTEL and SWOT Analysis of Homebase

PESTEL and SWOT Analysis of Homebase Homebase is the UKs second largest home improvement retailer and is recognised for choice, style and customer service across the wider home enhancement market. It has more than 300 large, out-of-town stores throughout the UK and Republic of Ireland, and is planning to add to its store chain with around 15 new stores a year. It sells over 30,000 products across DIY and decorating, home and garden ranges, and has a growing internet offering. Homebase serves over 70 million customers per year through its stores and offers customers the convenience of home delivery for bulky, high-value items. Its Ideas magazine is the number one home interest magazine in the UK, with a circulation of almost half a million. In 2006 Homebase won Britains Best Superstore Manager of the Year at Britains Best Retailer Awards and in 2005 it was awarded DIY Retailer of the Year in the National Home Awards. Homebase was the first UK DIY retailer to achieve Forest Stewardship Council Chain of Custody certificati on. More information on Homebase can be found on Situation analysis With sales of nearly  £6bn in the past financial year, Home Retail Group is the leading home and general merchandise retailer in the UK. Although company is already the number one in many of its product categories, there is still potential to increase its market share. Our combined position accounts for just 10% of a market valued at  £60bn. As many of these markets are fragmented and its market share has built quickly, there are further opportunities for growth. Homebase proves theres No Place Like Home for charities In August 2006 Homebase launched its first two year partnership with Marie Curie Cancer Care (www.mariecurie.org.uk) and the Irish Cancer Society in the Republic of Ireland (www.cancer.ie), under the banner of Theres no place like home ; The charities were chosen in a company-wide staff ballot where 39% of Homebase staff voted to support them ; The aim of the two year partnership was to raise  £500,000 to pay for 25,000 hours of home nursing. Homebase staff and customers have exceeded all expectations in the first year of the partnership, smashing the original target and raising an astonishing  £78 5,000 already ; Over the past 12 months, the campaign has seen everything from head shaves and dress down days to staff abseiling down buildings for the charities. The money raised in the first year will help to provide a fantastic 39,250 hours of nursing. External Analysis-Macro Environment Political Employment rate in UK is increased to 74.7% since the last year and it is suppose to increase as well at the end of the current year which could be beneficial for the company because the purchasing power of the customers has increased and at the same time it will increase the cost of the company by increasing the pay rate of their own employees. Terrorism is also affecting the customer little bit but it increases the online sale. If the company go in the developing countries for manufacturing, it may reduce the cost because the low pay rate in the developing countries at the same time it may affect the reputation of the company. Economical Consumer price inflation rose up to 2.2% in January 2008 influenced by the oil and food prices which can influence the price strategy of the organization as well as the promotion and distribution and also can effect the purchasing power of the consumer. Oil prices are increasing rapidly in these days and the prices has been reached to its record which increases the cost and in return the high prices. The value of dollar against Euro is decreasing which can affect the profit margin. Social The rate of population in UK is increasing dramatically which is a big cause of unemployment. Increasing number of visitors especially on London Olympics 2012 can be a opportunity to sponsor time or individual and increase globally the companys image and recognition. Technological Due to the increasing internet awareness among the customer the online sale is increasing day by day. It saves the time and cost as well. 52% of business suffered a malicious premeditated e-security breach during 2005 which can affect the customer data, as well as the customer trust to by online. It can affect the reputation of the brand. After the introduction of the new security system PayPalà ¯Ã†â€™Ã‚ ¢ the online payment from credit card has become more secure which increase the customer confidence on the brand which increase the reputation of the brand. Legal The World Trade Organization members countries have the right to impose the safeguard measures and it has a legal processing to imports. When the company goes to importing it should be aware and follow the changes in the regulations. Environmental By following the government waste strategy the company should increase the amount of recycling which strengthen the reputation of the company. The public of UK is environment conscious and may be a burning issue of the world in near future so the company should improve its recycling policies. External Analysis-Micro Environment The micro environment also known as task environment are the internal forces that have a direct affect in the companys strategies. These factors include buyers, suppliers, all type of competitors, new entrants and substitutes employees and marketing intermediaries (media). Industry analysis The following analysis is based on Michael Porters 5 Forces Model (1996) and it helps understand the competitive environment for HomeBase Threats of New Entrants Factors Level of threat implication Product differentiation High Home products are very common products so the marketing of the company sells. Capital requirement Medium A lot of capital require to introduce a new product to compete the existing products Brand identity Low Home base has a strong brand name in whole US and UK Distributional channel Low Franchisee will be consider the brand identity in the first step Economies of scale medium New entrant have to entrant in a large scale to compete in the market Threats of substitute products Factor Level of threat Implication Few substitute products Low In household products there are very few products which can be replaced Bargaining power of customer Factors Level of threat implication Product quality High Some of the competitors claim to provide similar quality products to the customer Type of customer high As the management of the store is responsible for a good sale so there is a strong customer bargaining Brand identity Low Marketing strategy is strong thats why the brand is recognized all over the US and UK Bargaining power of supplier Factors Level of threats implication Cost of supplier High This company is in developed countries thats why the labour cost quite high Supplier concentration Low The company support community traders Competitive rivalry Factors Level of threats Implication Brand identity high The brand value of each company as well as the target market makes the differentiation to the customer Industry grown High Due to the recent growth in the household items the competition is very high Cost of structure High Competitors follow the same scheme of economies of scale with relatively low cost and high profit Diversity of competitors High Now a days there are some companies who are introducing the efficient products Conclusion: after analysing the Porters 5 forces in this company it is noticed that the retail market is attractive for Homebase. Though Homebase is a leader in the market the company has to develop more technological and attractive products to compete the other companies as well as company has to improve its growth strategies to keep the customers and to fulfil their needs. Market segmentation Consumer market The Homebase has become the leader in its market because it covers almost every household item like from gardening to decorating. Now a days due to development in technology the customer is becoming more and more aware of the quality so they demand for high quality products because they have choice. Products Homebase concentrate on household products and the is still trying to cover everything regarding home. Company deals with the following types of products. Kitchen items Bathroom products Furniture and homewares Lighting Flooring and tiling Decorating Home electrical Heating and cooling Tools Building and hardware Gardening Outdoor living Main competitors following are some principal competitors for the Homebase, Home Depot, Inc.; Eagle Hardware and Garden Inc.; Hechinger Stores Co.; Builders Square Inc.; Payless Cashways Inc.; Orchard Supply Hardware Corp.; Lumbermens Building Centers. Though Homebase has quite strong competitors but still it is leading the market and providing the quality products as well as quality service to its customer and also it is successful to keep its customers till now. The company has to continuo the performance to maintain the standard. Brand Since last few years Homebase has worked focused on customer favour by providing products in low rates with a shopping experience that combines excellent service with a comprehensive range of household items. Homebase proves theres No Place Like Home for charities In August 2006 Homebase launched its first two year partnership with Marie Curie Cancer and the Irish Cancer Society in the Republic of Ireland, under the banner of Theres no place like home ; The charities were chosen in a company-wide staff ballot where 39% of Homebase staff voted to support them ; The aim of the two year partnership was to raise  £500,000 to pay for 25,000 hours of home nursing. Homebase staff and customers have exceeded all expectations in the first year of the partnership, smashing the original target and raising an astonishing  £785,000 already ; Over the past 12 months, the campaign has seen everything from head shaves and dress down days to staff abseiling down buildings for the charities. The money raised in the first year will help to provide a fantastic 39,250 hours of nursing. After doing this Homebase has become a strong brand in all over the UK and Irish republic. Internal analysis Resources Physical resources Number of stores: 310 Countries operating: UK IRISH REPUBLIC 2. Human resources More than 8400 employees including stores and offices are working in Homebase 3. Financial resources Pro forma of 52 weeks to 3 march 2007 4 march 2006 Sales  £1,594.2m 1559.0 benchmark Operating profit  £53.4m  £51.4m Benchmark operating margine 3.4% 3.3% Like-for-like change in sales 1.4% 3.1% New space contribution to sales change 3.6 3.1% Total sales change 2.2% 0.0% Benchmark operating profit change 4% n/a Number of stores at period end 310 297 Of which contain a mezzanine floor 165 144 Competences and capabilities Using the 5Ms is possible to analyse the competences and capabilities of the company. Market The Homebase is the leader in the retail market and it is providing quality products in cheaper rates and due to this Homebase is being recognized all over the uk as well as Irish republic. Materials The company is investing a lot of capital to introduce new stores so that the customers can buy quality products from their locality. The key element to the new store design is part of the business strategy to make-up merchandising fixture. Men More than 8400 employees including stores and offices are working on Homebase. Money Financial resources Pro forma of 52 weeks to 3 march 2007 4 march 2006 Sales  £1,594.2m 1559.0 benchmark Operating profit  £53.4m  £51.4m Benchmark operating margine 3.4% 3.3% Like-for-like change in sales 1.4% 3.1% New space contribution to sales change 3.6 3.1% Total sales change 2.2% 0.0% Benchmark operating profit change 4% n/a Number of stores at period end 310 297 Of which contain a mezzanine floor 165 144 Machines Number of stores à ¯Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ½Ãƒ ¯Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¾ 310 Countries operating à ¯Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ½Ãƒ ¯Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¾ UK IRISH REPUBLIC S.W.O.T Analysis Strengths Leverage purchasing scale High loyalty Strong brand name Increase share in large product markets Expand homebase store network Extend and exploit multi-channel leadership Weaknesses More capital require for new stores High supply cost High operation cost Opportunities Further to go on importing Opportunity to explore other overseas sourcing locations Additional benefits to come from supply chain Other cost reduction processes Threats Strong competition in retail market Customers are becoming more and more aware of quality due to improvement in technology and want high quality products on cheap prices Increase in the sales of competitors Though there is competition in the market the Homebase has a strong brand name and the company is improving their performance as well as it is investing in the product quality and opening new stores. There are still lot of opportunities for the company. Market plan On the basis of the previous audit marketing and the company strengths the objectives and the targets of the company are as follows; Objectives and targets Reduce plastic bag consumption by 25% by the end of 2008 Attain ISO 14001 status for 5 Distribution Centres Attain recycling rates of 50% across the Group Energy Achieve energy accreditation for the Group from the Carbon Trust Reduce energy consumption by 2% KwH/sq ft Purchase at least 30% green power Products Review current policy guidelines for product selection Attain accreditation for sustainable paper sourcing Maintain existing recycled paper content of catalogue at 13% Community Raise at least  £1.6m for charity partnerships Achieve gold status for payroll giving ( at least 10% of workforce) Establish arrangements for community investment Establish a volunteering policy for the Group Workplace and HR Improve employee engagement scores. Improve take up of share save schemes Reduce average absence per employee Reduce RIDDORS by 10% Customers Increase levels of customer satisfaction (reduce no of orders which  generate one complaint) Group growth strategies Growth through leveraging purchasing scale Growth through increasing market share in targeted large product market Growth through extending and exploiting multi- channel leadership Growth through expanding the store network (10 homebase stores in a year) Marketing mix To implement the above strategies the following points can be applied: Product / branding Homebase is working efficiently in these days by following their strategies and because of this it is leading the market in all over the UK and Irish republic. Well I believe that regarding to the objectives of increase the brand image is recommended that the company is to associate the environmentally friendly image such as reducing the use of plastic bags. And further more the company should go on importing as well as explore the other overseas resources locations so that the brand can win the global recognition. Though the company has started its own recycling program in which some products are totally recyclable and some are partly, but in future environment will be a burning issue so organization should do some more for this which protect as well as beneficial for the brand in future. Price The differentiation strategy allows the company to implement a value-based pricing approach. Place Develop a multi-channel distribution has been successfully implemented in the company. On the other hand company should increase its online sale. Promotion target People concerning about environmental issues House wives Communication To promote the product benefits To make the product known To increase online buyers The massage It is suggested to use the objectives that concern with the knowledge or awareness in the mind of the customer. Media selection Advertisement on the magazines which are usually being sent to the houses monthly or weekly Attracting customers by making sales on special occasions Online advertisement Using the logo in other web sites to link with the companys web site Series of the press releases to be sent to magazines and access online TV campaign to roll out nationality on terrestrial TV Posters People To monitoring services online as well as make available news tools to the customer shopping online To incorporate orders online, to store products and others To help increase the sells and to ensure the customer service quality Process Products purchase online delivery with in a week Credit card to be charged at time on the shipment of the order and confirmed by e-mail Use the latest security methods such as PayPalà ¯Ã†â€™Ã‚ ¢ Return policy should be with in the existing 30 days after the purchase Physical evidence Receipts and inventory bills Software to develop the e-commerce Budget breakdown To achieve the above marketing planning objectives it is set an overall cost of  £8.5 million. And this overall cost is divided into the following categories; Product 16% of the total cost is for the market research and for the development of the product, RD. The estimate cost in  £1360015.7 Place 8% of the cost is to be spend on the continuous refurbishment and maintenance of the stores, distribution and transportation, and the estimate cost is  £680,000. Promotion 60% of the total cost is to be used for the promotion of the product which includes the media advertisement such as advertisement in TV programs, magazines, posters in public transport, etc. The estimated cost is  £5100,000. People 10% of the cost is to be spent on HR, training, recruitment and IT outsourcing. The estimate cost is  £850,000. Process 4% of the total cost will be spent on the development of the operation processes and for this the estimate cost is  £394400.63 Physical evidence 2% of total cost is to be spent on the reservation for the physical evidence and process to maintain the e-commerce. And the estimated cost for this is  £170000 Total cost The total cost for the whole process of the above marketing planning to achieve the mentioned objectives is estimated as  £8500000.

Relating to Life Struggles Portrayed in Tim OBriens The Things They C

Relating to Life Struggles Portrayed in Tim O'Brien's The Things They Carried There are many things that I carry around with me in my daily life that I both need and don't need. Although, I carry many more positive things than I do negative, I know that they are there and how I must learn to use them is essential. Even if I don't carry around physical "things" like the soldiers in the story, I carry around the thoughts and images of my past and of the opinions and judgments of my future. Troubles that I dealt with as a teenager follow me into my present life now. Sure, we as teenagers made some stupid mistakes, but there are still a few of them that haunt me even to this day. I have learned that they will never disappear because of how much of an impact it had on me, but I have discovered on my own when it is healthy and harmful to bring them up. I had disagreements with my parents and I saw their viewpoints as outrageous and unfair but I have educated myself to know that they were in the right, while I was in the wrong. That is something that I will go on to pass through my chi...

Petra Malmo Essay

AfricaPetra malena moe or more commonly known as Malla moe, was a missionary for about 28 years. Malla moe was born on September 12, 1863 in hafslo, Norway. In those years she had to overcome the struggle of some hard times. Malla moe ‘s mother Brita Lonhiem moe gave birth to nine children . Out of the nine children only six lived and Malla moe was one. She was a survivor from the beginning. When she was about 12 years old she started to go to evangelistic meetings. When Malla Moe’s aunt was on her death bed she asked Malla moe to come with her to heaven. Malla moe began to want a deeper walk with God. Later after her father’s death it made her realize that our actions must follow beliefs even if it was different than the â€Å"normal† religious behavior. Malla moe made a promise to her mom on her death bed to take care of her little sister Dorothea after she had peace and assurance of her own salvation. This is when Malla moe began to want to serve God and tell people about God’s word. Karin (Malla Moe’s sister), invited Malla moe and Dorothea (Malla Moe’s other sister) to come live with her in Chicago. When Malla moe was there she attended trinity Lutheran church, but more importantly she attended moody church led by Reuben Archer Torrey. Torrey was a man that challenged Malla moe to become a missionary. Even though she desired to become a missionary she lacked in the education to do so. In 1891 the conflict became more heated when she attended Fredrik Franson’s evangelistic meetings. In June a group of missionary’s arrived to begin there langue’s study with East Africa Free mission in ekutandanei, natal. The reality of the African life quickly tested the faith and commitment of the missionary’s. Many missionaries could not take the harsh conditions of Africa. Malla moe had to go through intense langue study because of her lack in education. As a supplement to the program she spent short periods of time in African tribal kraals (camps). Malla moe joined in African work with a native, mapelepele gamede. They were both baptized together but Malla got baptized then for the second time. mapelepele gamedes inability to read was a stumbling block, but after a long time in the forest he returned with a great gift of immediate literacy. Malla Moe thought it was truly a miracle from God. He was renamed Johane, then he became Malla’s life long companion and a great helper as she faced problems with her language and cultural background. He also became a national helper that would accompany her into the kraals (camps) and help her train native converts. In 1898 a permanent mission site was built, named bethel. That is where Malla spent most of her time for the next fifty six years. She was a driving and forceful leader where ever she worked. After the three-year furlough in 1902 Malla begun to gather financial and spiritual support. A group called Afrika Gruppen in Minnesota, sent fund to help support Malla Moe from 1904 until her death. One of Malla’s three years were spent in Norway. When Malla was in chapel she was forbidden to speak because of her loud outburst, and her blunt way she spoke to people, which was appropriate in Africa but not in Norway. In Norway they had a very conservative chapel service compared to the African Service she was used to. In 1916 a furlough extended the next six years. At that time Malla worked in Chicago, east and west coasts and in Canada. When she was in Norway she had more successful visits then the pervious one and she helped in some of the revivals. During that time she was disabled with a hip injury for the second time. In October 1992 she returned to Africa. Because of Malla moes dominating behavior and her disregard of others’ feeling and responsibilities. But because of the head of a new bible school dropped the request of eliminating her from the staff. Malla Moe’s term begun and lasted the following thirty-one years until her death.  in 1927 Malla moe began a wagon missionary when she was sixty five years old. With the help of a driver, a leader of the donkey team of eight pairs and girls to do the cooking, Malla moe began journeys into untraveled and unevangelized areas. They would set up camp and work within an eight mile radius. The wagon ministry traveled through Swaziland, and then to Tonga land. Her life-long helpe r joined her on the journeys she took. This lasted ten years until 1938, because Malla moe was operated on at Nazarene Hospital in Bremersdorp for a severe attack of boils. The need to consolidate her efforts resulted in a â€Å"circularly† letter sent to friends and supporter started in 1932 with the help of jenson. The number began with 132 and then grew to hundreds. A new church was started in 1944, seeded by a personal gift from Malla moe and it was completed five years later. By 1950 Malla Moe’s health had been broken by a mountain climb to visit a kraal (camp) when she was not well. Although the physical difficulties were hard for her to bear she would often say â€Å"all grace of god. † Malla moe died at the age of ninety on October 16, 1953. So Malla moe had to overcome some hard times but she always trusted and put her faith in God . She became known as a strong women of God. Through reading Malla Moe’s story it’s made me want to become a stronger person in God. Seeing all the things Malla moe went through for God. It has made me realize all the things we go through does not compare to what some missionary’s go through to serve god. She gave her whole life to the African people and it made me see that she was not a selfish person. Thinking about how Malla moe changed the world I would have to say she became a Strong persistent women of God . She lived all the days of her life trying to teach people the word of God . Malla moe tried to life her life showing the world a perfect example of how God would want us to live. She was a truly dedicated women of God until the day she went to meet Jesus in heaven . She must of changed the people in Africa’s life the most. She showed them dedication to God . She also taught them that the love of God is worth living for. The people of Africa also learned to trust in God especially in the harsh conditions many people where exposed to in Africa . We will never know how many people that this one woman touched and changed their lives . I am sure in Africa her name is still known among many . Her stories are handed down throughout generations . If only we can live our lives with a servants hart we to could touch many lives. She died in Africa. Her story told of hardship, long treks in the bush, sacrifice, and love for Jesus. Heaven will only reveal how many people came to Christ because of her. In my report I talked to you about Petra malena moe and how she got through her hard times.

Free Essays on P rohibition

During World War I, men were encouraged to serve the military and women took over the job that was left behind by these men. The economy was limited during wartime. As a result, the clothing designs and styles were made to fit the economy. Which meant less needs for new clothes; restriction on the use of wools and dyes were in short supply. The influence of the military style clothing came in effect and appealed to women who served war work. Such as: cut of jackets and coats, trench coats, trousers and sweaters. However, women who worked in public still wore skirts but hold drastic difference compare to the dresses wore during the previous decades. ‘There were no time for mincing steps in restricting â€Å"hobble skirts†! (Laubner 8) Since women were earning considerable payment for their wartime work, skirts became shorter and wider to suit their working life styles that enable them easier movements. Another great influence on the 1920’s fashions, trends, and lif e styles were the law of prohibition. In 1869, a prohibition party was organized. The party was joined by the Women’s Christian Temperance Union, the Anti-Saloon League over the years. The temperance movement had succeeded in prohibiting alcohol sales in seven states, by the end of the 19th century. The prohibition movement made great strides during the two decades of the 1900s. Twenty-seven states were dry by the year 1917. On January 16, 1919, the 18th amendment was ratified. Meaning: the manufacture, sell, or transport of alcoholic beverages in the U.S. illegal. The elimination of alcohol was thought to be the answer to social instability and moral decline. It was believed that alcohol were responsible for poverty, diseases, crimes and drunk workers and soldiers. Despite the ratification of the eighteen amendment, many Americans did not intend to give up the drinking alcoholic beverages. Millions of Americans became lawbreakers since they can see nothing criminal about ... Free Essays on P rohibition Free Essays on P rohibition During World War I, men were encouraged to serve the military and women took over the job that was left behind by these men. The economy was limited during wartime. As a result, the clothing designs and styles were made to fit the economy. Which meant less needs for new clothes; restriction on the use of wools and dyes were in short supply. The influence of the military style clothing came in effect and appealed to women who served war work. Such as: cut of jackets and coats, trench coats, trousers and sweaters. However, women who worked in public still wore skirts but hold drastic difference compare to the dresses wore during the previous decades. ‘There were no time for mincing steps in restricting â€Å"hobble skirts†! (Laubner 8) Since women were earning considerable payment for their wartime work, skirts became shorter and wider to suit their working life styles that enable them easier movements. Another great influence on the 1920’s fashions, trends, and lif e styles were the law of prohibition. In 1869, a prohibition party was organized. The party was joined by the Women’s Christian Temperance Union, the Anti-Saloon League over the years. The temperance movement had succeeded in prohibiting alcohol sales in seven states, by the end of the 19th century. The prohibition movement made great strides during the two decades of the 1900s. Twenty-seven states were dry by the year 1917. On January 16, 1919, the 18th amendment was ratified. Meaning: the manufacture, sell, or transport of alcoholic beverages in the U.S. illegal. The elimination of alcohol was thought to be the answer to social instability and moral decline. It was believed that alcohol were responsible for poverty, diseases, crimes and drunk workers and soldiers. Despite the ratification of the eighteen amendment, many Americans did not intend to give up the drinking alcoholic beverages. Millions of Americans became lawbreakers since they can see nothing criminal about ...

marks and spencer essays

marks and spencer essays Marks and Spencers has had a consistent record of success and profitability until recently when they were suddenly hit by falling sales. Marks and Spencers were totally unprepared for this and while they were developing new stores and expanding the business their competitors were strengthening. Because Marks and Spencers have been highly successful and competitive for so long their was no pressure to improve the business and now its competitors have overtaken and underlying problems have arisen, something needs to be done. The business needs a complete overhaul management needs to be streamlined, the business structure needs to be re-organised to make it more efficient and the marketing mix need to be changed to begin with. I shall research into Marks and Spencers mostly by going to their website and finding break-even charts, profit and loss accounts and financial results for recent years. I will also go into Marks and Spencer stores and ask for relevant information such as accounts, and I will look around stores to see if anything needs to be improved such as the layout and the appearance of the shop etc. I will look at Marks and Spencers product ranges and the style of its clothes to see if the quality is up to standard and the clothes are fashionable. I will look through the newspapers looking for the latest news and information and I will check newspapers websites such as ft.com for information on M I will then use the data to help me reach accurate recommendations on how to stop Marks and Spencers profits falling. The Financial summary shows useful information for the past 5 years from this you can see that profit has been increasing until 1999 when it sharply drops. Also you can see where the turnover is coming from so you can see which parts o...

Macro & Micro economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Macro & Micro economics - Essay Example In the last quarter of 2012, growth rate in the economy was estimated to be 7.9% (BBC, 2013). However, immediately in the first three months of the current year (2013) the growth rate dropped notably. The government of China noticed this fluctuation early in 2013 and decided to take expansionary policies to pull up the growth rate. This paper aims at studying an article titled â€Å"China to continue ‘proactive fiscal, prudent monetary’ policy† written by Siwu and Zhi and published in Xinhuanet on March 5 2013. The article presents a report on the present growth rate of China and discusses the government’s policy prescription with regard to this growth situation in the country. At present annual growth rate of the country is 7.7% and the central bank has taken expansionary monetary policy to boost up economic activities in the country (BBC, 2013). The fiscal policies adopted by the government have also been discussed in the article. The discussion presented in this paper identifies the major causes that have affected the growth rate of the Chinese economy and comments on the policy adaptations of the government as discussed in the news article. The impact faced by the Chinese society on account of this economic slowdown has also received light in the scope of this discussion, alongside the discussion on the aggregate demand and supply in the economy. Aggregate demand in the Chinese economy has declined as a result of this declining growth rate. The government has focused on improving domestic demand conditions in order to boost up the economy. Discussion on the economic problem The growth momentum in the country has been showing a lack of vigour since the beginning of 2013. The measures of various economic variables in the country are indicative of a low performance level in the economy, which implies that there is no strong point of evidence that might show that the economy has any prospect for recovering soon. In 2013, estimate of t he growth rate of the economy has been 7.7% from January to March, while economists had forecasted that growth rates would reach 8%. In response to this economic situation the government of China has declared that it would sustain the â€Å"proactive fiscal policy and a prudent monetary policy† (Siwu and Zhi, 2013) throughout the year in 2013. Proactive monetary policies have been maintained by the Chinese government since the 2011, with the aim of bringing stability in the economy, to make the economic structure flexible for future improvements and more forward-looking and target-oriented. This would ensure steady economic growth. While bringing economic growth the government aims at keeping the price level in the economy stable and guard against the occurrence of any regional or systemic financial risk. The government has vowed to guide the financial institutions, to make them operate prudently, oversee the financial activities of the institutions and take account of the ri sks associated with off-balance sheet activities, so as to make the financial sector's more sustainable and capable of supporting long term economic development. Causes of the problem The article by Siwu and Zhi (2013) reflects that the government of China has been actively making policy prescriptions that are aimed at improving the economic conditions of the country. Further research on this issue reveals that growth of the Chinese economy has been highly dependent on its export sector. The major markets for Chinese exports are the USA and the European countries. The country mainly exports, garments, toys, accessories, other plastic products, machinery, transport equipments, rubber, metallurgical products, textile materials, chemical products, refined oil and crude oil, as well as food items (Peopledaily, 2001). China follows

Principles of Finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Principles of Finance - Essay Example The composition and determination of the perfect capital structure has been an integral subject of research in corporate finance. The Nobel Prize winner theorem presented by Modigliani and Miller is the cornerstone of capital structure in today’s world. The crux of the theory is that under an effective market where there are no taxes, insolvency costs, agency costs, and asymmetric information, the value of a business is not established by sources of finance (Modigliani and Miller). They advocated that under perfect market condition, without any friction, the capital structure of the company does not influence its market value. Therefore, it is irrelevant whether an entity finances its capital by issuing shares or raising debt and the like ways. Similarly, an entity’s dividend policy is immaterial. Owing to these factors, this thermo is also termed as capital structure irrelevance principle. For instance, suppose there are two firms which are similar in every way except for their capital structures. One firm is financed merely through equity and the financial structure of the other one comprises of both, equity and debt (Miller). According to the ‘capital structure irrelevance principal’, both companies will carry the same worth. ... He went on to elaborate, â€Å"The Modigliani—Miller proposition says that if there were no costs of separation (and, of course, no government dairy support program), the cream plus the skim milk would bring the same price as the whole milk†. The heart of this analogy was that expanding debt (cream) diminishes the worth of existent equity (skimmed milk). If secure cash flows are sold to debt holders, the firm will possess lesser worth equity; hence, the aggregate worth of the firm will remain unaltered. In other words, the gain from what appears cheaper debt is set off against the riskier and more expensive equity. Thus, the constitution of capital from debt and equity would be futile, given a certain quantity of aggregate capital. This is because the weighted average for any possible compositions of the two finance alternatives to the firm will remain unaffected. However, the condition of perfect condition is restricted to theorems so businesses in the real world are n ot subject to this environment. In addition, it is extremely rare for the capital structure of a company to be completely based on debt. Myriad arguments have emerged in opposition to Modigliani—Miller theorem; these accentuate taxation, agency costs, insolvency, equity dilution, credit rationing, conflicting interest of management etc. Modigliani and Miller recommended for firms to have a certain borrowing ability in case of an economic upheaval. Taxes The most evident drawback of the Modigliani—Miller theorem is the supposition the subtraction of interest and corporate taxation. Under most financial frameworks, tax cannot be computed until the deduction of interest owed to debt holders from the corporate profits. Therefore, the amount of corporate tax not charged serves as a subsidy based on